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Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market 2020-2027 by Component (Solutions, Services), Deployment (Cloud-based, On-premise, Hybrid), Application, End User, and Region: Trend Outlook and Growth Opportunity

Published: 30 May 2021 | Report Code: 10248011 | Pages: 83

Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market will reach $4,664.2 million by 2027, growing by 11.8% annually over 2020-2027 driven by the increasing smart grid investments, the surge in the rate of integration of renewable energy to the existing grids, and technological advancement. Highlighted with 83 tables and 78 figures, this 157-page report “Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market 2020-2027 by Component (Solutions, Services), Deployment (Cloud-based, On-premise, Hybrid), Application, End User, and Region: Trend Outlook and Growth Opportunity” is based on a comprehensive research of the entire global smart grid data analytics market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications.

 

Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2017-2019 and provides estimate/forecast from 2020 till 2027 with 2019 as the base year. (Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)

 

In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects:

• Market Structure

• Growth Drivers

• Restraints and Challenges

• Emerging Product Trends & Market Opportunities

• Porter’s Five Forces

 

The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify global smart grid data analytics market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Component, Deployment, Application, End User, and Region.

 

Based on Component, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2017-2027 included in each section.

• Solutions

  o Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Network

  o Metering

  o Customer Analytics

• Services

  o Professional Services

  o Support & Maintenance Services

 

Based on Deployment, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2017-2027 included in each section.

• Cloud-based Systems

• On-premise Systems

• Hybrid Systems

 

Based on Application, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2017-2027 included in each section.

• Grid Optimization Analysis

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure Analysis

• Asset Management

• Demand Response Analytics

• Other Applications

 

Based on End User, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2017-2027 included in each section.

• Large Enterprises

• Small & Medium Enterprises

• Public Sector

 

Geographically, the following regions together with the listed national/local markets are fully investigated:

• APAC (Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, India, and Rest of APAC; Rest of APAC is further segmented into Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Philippines)

• Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Rest of Europe; Rest of Europe is further segmented into Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland)

• North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico)

• South America (Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Rest of South America)

• MEA (UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa)

 

For each aforementioned region and country, detailed analysis and data for annual revenue are available for 2017-2027. The breakdown of all regional markets by country and split of key national markets by Deployment, Application, and End User over the forecast years are also included. The report also covers current competitive scenario and the predicted trend; and profiles key vendors including market leaders and important emerging players.

 

Key Players (this may not be a complete list and extra companies can be added upon request):

Accenture PLC

Amdocs Corporation

AutoGrid Systems Inc.

General Electric Company

Hitachi Ltd

HP Development Company LP

IBM Corporation

Itron Inc.

Landis & Gyr Group AG

Opower, Inc.

Oracle Corporation

SAP SE

SAS Institute Inc.

Schneider Electric SE

Sensus USA Inc. (Xylem Inc.)

Siemens AG

Tantalus System Corporation

Uplight Inc.

Uptake Technologies Inc.

(Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)

Table of Contents:

1 Introduction    8
1.1 Industry Definition and Research Scope    8
1.1.1 Industry Definition    8
1.1.2 Research Scope    9
1.2 Research Methodology    12
1.2.1 Overview of Market Research Methodology    12
1.2.2 Market Assumption    13
1.2.3 Secondary Data    13
1.2.4 Primary Data    13
1.2.5 Data Filtration and Model Design    14
1.2.6 Market Size/Share Estimation    15
1.2.7 Research Limitations    16
1.3 Executive Summary    17
2 Market Overview and Dynamics    19
2.1 Market Size and Forecast    19
2.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on World Economy    20
2.1.2 Impact of COVID-19 on the Market    22
2.2 Major Growth Drivers    24
2.3 Market Restraints and Challenges    28
2.4 Emerging Opportunities and Market Trends    31
2.5 Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis    35
3 Segmentation of Global Market by Component    39
3.1 Market Overview by Component    39
3.2 Solutions    41
3.2.1 Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Network    42
3.2.2 Metering    43
3.3.3 Customer Analytics    44
3.3 Services    45
3.3.1 Professional Services    46
3.3.2 Support & Maintenance Services    47
4 Segmentation of Global Market by Deployment    48
4.1 Market Overview by Deployment    48
4.2 Cloud-based Systems    50
4.3 On-premise Systems    51
4.4 Hybrid Systems    52
5 Segmentation of Global Market by Application    53
5.1 Market Overview by Application    53
5.2 Grid Optimization Analysis    55
5.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure Analysis    56
5.4 Asset Management    57
5.5 Demand Response Analytics    58
5.6 Other Applications    59
6 Segmentation of Global Market by End User    60
6.1 Market Overview by End User    60
6.2 Large Enterprises    62
6.3 Small & Medium Enterprises    63
6.4 Public Sector    64
7 Segmentation of Global Market by Region    65
7.1 Geographic Market Overview 2020-2027    65
7.2 North America Market 2020-2027 by Country    69
7.2.1 Overview of North America Market    69
7.2.2 U.S.    72
7.2.3 Canada    75
7.2.4 Mexico    77
7.3 European Market 2020-2027 by Country    79
7.3.1 Overview of European Market    79
7.3.2 UK    82
7.3.3 France    84
7.3.4 Germany    86
7.3.5 Spain    88
7.3.6 Italy    90
7.3.7 Russia    92
7.3.8 Rest of European Market    94
7.4 Asia-Pacific Market 2020-2027 by Country    96
7.4.1 Overview of Asia-Pacific Market    96
7.4.2 China    99
7.4.3 Japan    101
7.4.4 India    104
7.4.5 Australia    106
7.4.6 South Korea    108
7.4.7 Rest of APAC Region    110
7.5 South America Market 2020-2027 by Country    112
7.5.1 Argentina    115
7.5.2 Brazil    117
7.5.3 Chile    119
7.5.4 Rest of South America Market    121
7.6 MEA Market 2020-2027 by Country    122
7.6.1 UAE    125
7.6.2 Saudi Arabia    127
7.6.3 South Africa    129
7.6.4 Other National Markets    131
8 Competitive Landscape    132
8.1 Overview of Key Vendors    132
8.2 New Product Launch, Partnership, Investment, and M&A    136
8.3 Company Profiles    137
Accenture PLC    137
Amdocs Corporation    139
AutoGrid Systems Inc.    140
General Electric Company    141
Hitachi Ltd    142
HP Development Company LP    143
IBM Corporation    144
Itron Inc.    145
Landis & Gyr Group AG    146
Opower, Inc.    147
Oracle Corporation    148
SAP SE    149
SAS Institute Inc.    150
Schneider Electric SE    151
Sensus USA Inc. (Xylem Inc.)    152
Siemens AG    153
Tantalus System Corporation    154
Uplight Inc.    155
Uptake Technologies Inc.    156
Related Reports and Products    157

 

List of Tables:

Table 1. Snapshot of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Balanced Perspective, 2020-2027    18
Table 2. Growth Rate of World GDP, 2020-2022    21
Table 3. Main Product Trends and Market Opportunities in Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market    31
Table 4. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Component, 2017-2027, $ mn    39
Table 5. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Solutions by Type, 2017-2027, $ mn    41
Table 6. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Services by Type, 2017-2027, $ mn    45
Table 7. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    48
Table 8. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    53
Table 9. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    60
Table 10. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Region, 2017-2027, $ mn    66
Table 11. Leading National Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2020 and 2027, $ mn    68
Table 12. North America Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    71
Table 13. U.S. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    74
Table 14. U.S. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    74
Table 15. U.S. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    74
Table 16. Canada Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    76
Table 17. Canada Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    76
Table 18. Canada Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    76
Table 19. Mexico Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    78
Table 20. Mexico Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    78
Table 21. Mexico Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    78
Table 22. Europe Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    81
Table 23. UK Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    83
Table 24. UK Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    83
Table 25. UK Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    83
Table 26. France Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    85
Table 27. France Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    85
Table 28. France Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    85
Table 29. Germany Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    87
Table 30. Germany Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    87
Table 31. Germany Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    87
Table 32. Spain Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    89
Table 33. Spain Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    89
Table 34. Spain Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    89
Table 35. Italy Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    91
Table 36. Italy Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    91
Table 37. Italy Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    91
Table 38. Russia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    93
Table 39. Russia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    93
Table 40. Russia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    93
Table 41. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Rest of Europe by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    95
Table 42. APAC Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    98
Table 43. China Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    100
Table 44. China Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    100
Table 45. China Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    100
Table 46. Japan Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    103
Table 47. Japan Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    103
Table 48. Japan Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    103
Table 49. India Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    105
Table 50. India Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    105
Table 51. India Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    105
Table 52. Australia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    107
Table 53. Australia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    107
Table 54. Australia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    107
Table 55. South Korea Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    109
Table 56. South Korea Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    109
Table 57. South Korea Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    109
Table 58. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Rest of APAC by Country/Region, 2017-2027, $ mn    111
Table 59. South America Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    114
Table 60. Argentina Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    116
Table 61. Argentina Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    116
Table 62. Argentina Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    116
Table 63. Brazil Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    118
Table 64. Brazil Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    118
Table 65. Brazil Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    118
Table 66. Chile Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    120
Table 67. Chile Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    120
Table 68. Chile Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    120
Table 69. MEA Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2017-2027, $ mn    124
Table 70. UAE Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    126
Table 71. UAE Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    126
Table 72. UAE Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    126
Table 73. Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    128
Table 74. Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    128
Table 75. Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    128
Table 76. South Africa Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2017-2027, $ mn    130
Table 77. South Africa Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2017-2027, $ mn    130
Table 78. South Africa Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2017-2027, $ mn    130
Table 79. Breakdown of Global Market by Key Vendor, 2020, 4
Table 80. Accenture PLC: Company Snapshot    137
Table 81. Accenture PLC: Business Segmentation    137
Table 82. Accenture PLC: Product Portfolio    138
Table 83. Accenture PLC: Revenue, 2017-2019, $ mn    138

 

List of Figures:

Figure 1. Research Method Flow Chart    12
Figure 2. Bottom-up Approach and Top-down Approach for Market Estimation    15
Figure 3. Global Market Forecast in Optimistic, Conservative and Balanced Perspectives, 2020-2027    17
Figure 4. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    19
Figure 5. Impact of COVID-19 on Business    22
Figure 6. Primary Drivers and Impact Factors of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market    24
Figure 7. World Smart Meters Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    27
Figure 8. Primary Restraints and Impact Factors of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market    28
Figure 9. Investment Opportunity Analysis    32
Figure 10. Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market    35
Figure 11. Breakdown of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Component, 2020-2027, % of Revenue    39
Figure 12. Contribution to Global 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Component, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    40
Figure 13. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Solutions, 2017-2027, $ mn    41
Figure 14. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Network, 2017-2027, $ mn    42
Figure 15. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Metering, 2017-2027, $ mn    43
Figure 16. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Customer Analytics, 2017-2027, $ mn    44
Figure 17. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Services, 2017-2027, $ mn    45
Figure 18. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Professional Services, 2017-2027, $ mn    46
Figure 19. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Support & Maintenance Services, 2017-2027, $ mn    47
Figure 20. Breakdown of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Deployment, 2020-2027, % of Revenue    48
Figure 21. Contribution to Global 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Deployment, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    49
Figure 22. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Cloud-based Systems, 2017-2027, $ mn    50
Figure 23. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: On-premise Systems, 2017-2027, $ mn    51
Figure 24. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Hybrid Systems, 2017-2027, $ mn    52
Figure 25. Breakdown of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Application, 2020-2027, % of Revenue    53
Figure 26. Contribution to Global 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Application, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    54
Figure 27. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Grid Optimization Analysis, 2017-2027, $ mn    55
Figure 28. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Advanced Metering Infrastructure Analysis, 2017-2027, $ mn    56
Figure 29. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Asset Management, 2017-2027, $ mn    57
Figure 30. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Demand Response Analytics, 2017-2027, $ mn    58
Figure 31. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Other Applications, 2017-2027, $ mn    59
Figure 32. Breakdown of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by End User, 2020-2027, % of Revenue    60
Figure 33. Contribution to Global 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by End User, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    61
Figure 34. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Large Enterprises, 2017-2027, $ mn    62
Figure 35. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Small & Medium Enterprises, 2017-2027, $ mn    63
Figure 36. Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Market: Public Sector, 2017-2027, $ mn    64
Figure 37. Global Market Snapshot by Region    65
Figure 38. Geographic Spread of Worldwide Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2020-2027, % of Revenue    66
Figure 39. Contribution to Global 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Region, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    67
Figure 40. North American Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    70
Figure 41. Breakdown of North America Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2020 and 2027, % of Revenue    70
Figure 42. Contribution to North America 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    71
Figure 43. U.S. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    73
Figure 44. Canada Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    75
Figure 45. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Mexico, 2017-2027, $ mn    77
Figure 46. European Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    80
Figure 47. Breakdown of European Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2020 and 2027, % of Revenue    80
Figure 48. Contribution to Europe 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    81
Figure 49. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in UK, 2017-2027, $ mn    82
Figure 50. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in France, 2017-2027, $ mn    84
Figure 51. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Germany, 2017-2027, $ mn    86
Figure 52. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Spain, 2017-2027, $ mn    88
Figure 53. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Italy, 2017-2027, $ mn    90
Figure 54. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Russia, 2017-2027, $ mn    92
Figure 55. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Rest of Europe, 2017-2027, $ mn    94
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    97
Figure 57. Breakdown of APAC Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2020 and 2027, % of Revenue    97
Figure 58. Contribution to APAC 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    98
Figure 59. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in China, 2017-2027, $ mn    99
Figure 60. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Japan, 2017-2027, $ mn    102
Figure 61. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in India, 2017-2027, $ mn    104
Figure 62. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Australia, 2017-2027, $ mn    106
Figure 63. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in South Korea, 2017-2027, $ mn    108
Figure 64. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Rest of APAC, 2017-2027, $ mn    110
Figure 65. South America Smart Grid Data Analytics Market, 2017-2027, $ mn    113
Figure 66. Breakdown of South America Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2020 and 2027, % of Revenue    113
Figure 67. Contribution to South America 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    114
Figure 68. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Argentina, 2017-2027, $ mn    115
Figure 69. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Brazil, 2017-2027, $ mn    117
Figure 70. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Chile, 2017-2027, $ mn    119
Figure 71. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Rest of South America, 2017-2027, $ mn    121
Figure 72. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Middle East and Africa (MEA), 2017-2027, $ mn    123
Figure 73. Breakdown of MEA Smart Grid Data Analytics Market by Country, 2020 and 2027, % of Revenue    123
Figure 74. Contribution to MEA 2021-2027 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%)    124
Figure 75. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in UAE, 2017-2027, $ mn    125
Figure 76. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in Saudi Arabia, 2017-2027, $ mn    127
Figure 77. Smart Grid Data Analytics Market in South Africa, 2017-2027, $ mn    129
Figure 78. Growth Stage of Global Smart Grid Data Analytics Industry over the Forecast Period    132
Key Players (this may not be a complete list and extra companies can be added upon request): 
Accenture PLC
Amdocs Corporation
AutoGrid Systems Inc.
General Electric Company
Hitachi Ltd
HP Development Company LP
IBM Corporation
Itron Inc.
Landis & Gyr Group AG
Opower, Inc.
Oracle Corporation
SAP SE
SAS Institute Inc.
Schneider Electric SE
Sensus USA Inc. (Xylem Inc.)
Siemens AG
Tantalus System Corporation
Uplight Inc.
Uptake Technologies Inc.
(Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)